Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process to irrigation project improvement: Part II. How professionals evaluate an irrigation project for its improvement

Planning improvement of an irrigation project often depends on irrigation professionals who conduct the initial survey of the irrigation project. Accordingly, activities for improvement will be different depending on who evaluates the status quo of the irrigation project, because of the diversity of expertise and experience of professionals. A questionnaire survey was conducted to examine how irrigation professionals evaluate an irrigation project, that is, on what evaluation factors (EFs) they place the importance. In the questionnaire, professionals ranked the relative importance of EFs derived from internal process indicators of the Rapid Appraisal Process (RAP). Answers to the questionnaire were processed by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP, Part I), and then local weights of EFs were obtained as a measure of relative importance of EFs. Those local weights were statistically analyzed by the Anderson-Darling normality test, the F-test and the t-test. Then, they were modeled by probability density functions. The results implied (a) that irrigation professionals give the first priority to water delivery services project-wide and (b) that they consider that irrigation infrastructure (hardware) of primary canals is more important than that of secondary canals. These findings infer that irrigation professionals first consider how well water is controlled and distributed project-wide and second how appropriately primary canals are designed and maintained. Also, their views are divided into two regarding importance of hardware and management, namely some insist that hardware is more important than management and the others insist that management is more important than hardware.     

麦德龙的未来商店项目简介

本文介绍了麦德龙集团公司的组织结构和RFID引入计划,列举了未来商店项目合作伙伴,并对未来商店项目进行了评估。     

优质米加工及降碎措施

南方产优质稻谷粒形长,导致加工过程碎米率高、出米率低、生产成本高。实践表明,做好品种的选育、生产管理和收储,优化大米加工工艺流程及设备匹配,是降低优质米加工破碎率及提高经济效益的有效措施。     

田间膜下滴灌土壤水分运动特征试验研究

通过田间试验,分析了滴灌条件下土壤水分运动过程,以及湿润体变化特征,结果表明地表积水半径达到稳定的时间和达到的稳定值随着滴头流量的增大而增大,地表积水半径稳定值与滴头流量符合乘幂关系。水平湿润半径随着入渗时间的增加而逐渐变大,在入渗的开始阶段湿润半径增加的速率较大,随着时间的延长速率逐渐变慢。滴头流量大,相同时刻的湿润体水平距离大,故水分运动快,反之水分运移越慢。湿润半径差值随时间的延长而不断增加。通过分析滴灌水平湿润锋和入渗时间之间关系可知,水平湿润锋和入渗时间之间存在着显著的幂函数关系,其中的拟合系数与滴头流量有关。     

车用直喷式柴油机多维燃烧模拟计算与分析

应用AVL公司的FIRE软件,对一台4100型直喷式柴油机的喷雾燃烧过程进行了多维模拟计算,得到了缸内流场变化,温度变化及排放物浓度分布以及示功图等重要信息。通过对柴油机缸内喷雾流场及排放污染物浓度分布情况进行详细分析,得出了油雾在燃烧室的运动情况,在理论上说明了燃烧室底部凸起可以促进缸内油气混合,以及NO和Soot的主要生成区域及生成历程,使在实验中难以观测的现象在模拟计算中得以再现,为进一步改善喷雾状况,提高燃烧过程降低有害排放提供了有力的参考依据。     

甘蔗收割机拨指式扶起机构的运动仿真

为了对倒伏甘蔗进行有效扶起,设计了甘蔗收割机拨指式扶起机构.通过对田间甘蔗倒伏状况进行分析,利用虚拟样机技术建立倒伏甘蔗的虚拟模型,并运用ADAMS软件对倒伏甘蔗的扶起过程进行了动力学模拟,得到了倒伏甘蔗扶起过程运动模型,观察了不同拨指转速下扶起机构对顺倒伏甘蔗的扶起效果.     

谷物流化床干燥器设计

采用流化床干燥技术可使谷物及时干燥到符合贮存的安全水分条件,能提早收获谷物,既保证谷物质量,又减少每年因不能及时干燥而造成的巨大损失。为此,阐述了一种能应用于广大农村地区,特别是南方农村地区的小型谷物流化床干燥机;论述了烘干工艺、工作原理及主要结构;并对干燥器的主要部件布风板进行了初步设计计算。     

ANP方法在都市型农业评价指标体系中的应用

都市型农业立足于生产、生活、生态的结合,强调城乡同步发展,强调经济、生态、社会统筹发展。在综述国内外都市型农业研究的基础上,采用网络分析法(ANP)建立都市型农业评价指标体系,讨论了应用ANP方法求解问题的理论基础,分析了指标间的依存和反馈关系,并用SD软件对指标体系的ANP模型进行了快速求解。     

碱提酸沉法制取花生分离蛋白工艺研究

试验采用碱提酸沉法从花生饼粕中提取花生分离蛋白,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化了提取工艺,确定最佳提取花生分离蛋白工艺条件:浸提温度60℃,料液比1∶9,pH值9.0,浸提时间90min,酸沉pH值4.5。在此条件下蛋白质提取率可达42.5%,获得产品蛋白质含量为95.65%。     

Elongation of the Uppermost Internode for Changxuan 3S,a Thermo- Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Rice Line

Changxuan 3S, a thermo-sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） rice line with eui gene, is derived from the TGMS rice line Pei＇ai 64S by irradiation with 350 Gy of ^60Co γ-ray. To elucidate the uppermost internode elongation of the TGMS line with eui gene, Changxuan 3S and its parent Pei＇ai 64S were used to study the effects of temperature on panicle exsertion. At 24℃, the uppermost internode of Changxuan 3S elongated the fastest from the 4^th day before flowering to 0 day （flowering）, being 2.1-fold as that of Pei＇ai 64S, whereas it elongated slowly during the 12^th day to the 4^th day before flowering and the 1^st to the 3^rd day after flowering. The uppermost internode of Changxuan 3S exserted from the flag leaf sheath at 22℃, 24℃ and 26℃, and the length of elongated uppermost internode increased with the decreasing temperatures. At 28℃, though the panicles of Changxuan 3S were still enclosed in the leaf sheath, the degree of panicle enclosure was significantly lower compared with Pei＇ai 64S. Cytological studies on Changxuan 3S showed that the uppermost internode elongation was attributed to the increase of cell number and cell elongation, and the latter was more significant. Moreover, the numbers of outermost and innermost parenchyma cells and the cell length of the uppermost internode reduced with the increasing temperatures.